FILME NOIR

Film noir é um dos dois gêneros cinematográficos (junto com Westerns) unicamente inventado e aperfeiçoado nos Estados Unidos. Não foi inicialmente concebido como uma espécie formal, mas entre 1941 e 1955, uma grande percentagem dos filmes americanos, incluindo alguns dos melhores, as características comuns do que mais tarde ficou conhecido como film noir. Havia protagonistas falhados, fascinando femmes fatales, hard-bitten o diálogo, a cinematografia de alto contraste, e as cenas filmadas na rua à noite. No cerne do filme noir estava uma tentativa de subverter os padrões convencionais de Hollywood, do enredo (finais felizes),ás personagens (heróis moralmente vertical), e da estrutura narrativa (narrativa cronológica). Ao rejeitar essas normas, os cineastas rejeitaram os valores da América do pós-guerra urbana, retratando a sociedade como irremediavelmente corrupta e hipócrita ( onde é que eu já ouvi isto??? não é o que se passa hoje ???). Ao fazê-lo,criaram filmes unicos cujo American tipo ainda hoje são poderosos. Aqui, então alguns filmes que melhor personificam as características do filme noir. Double Indemnity Directed by Billy Wilder (1944) Starring Fred MacMurray, Barbara Stanwyck, Edward G. Robinson The Maltese Falcon Directed by John Huston (1941) Starring Humphrey Bogart, Mary Astor, Peter Lorre, Sydney Greenstreet The Big Sleep Directed by Howard Hawks (1946) Starring Humphrey Bogart, Lauren Bacall Crossfire Directed by Edward Dmytryk (1947) Starring Robert Ryan, Robert Mitchum, Robert Young The Woman In the Window Directed by Fritz Lang (1944) Starring Edward G. Robinson, Joan Bennett, Dan Duryea The Third Man Directed by Carol Reed (1949) Starring Orson Welles, Joseph Cotten The Big Steal Directed by Don Siegel (1949) Starring Robert Mitchum, Jane Greer, William Bendix, Ramón Novarro Kiss Me Deadly Directed by Robert Aldrich (1955) Starring Ralph Meeker, Albert Dekker, Cloris Leachman Detour Directed by Edgar G. Ulmer (1945) Starring Tom Neal, Ann Savage Mildred Pierce Directed by Michael Curtiz (1945) Starring Joan Crawford, Eve Arden, Ann Blyth D.O.A. Directed by Rudolph Maté (1950) Starring Edmond O’Brien, Pamela Britton Pickup On South Street Directed by Sam Fuller (1953) Starring Richard Widmark, Jean Peters, Thelma Ritter Panic In the Streets Directed by Elia Kazan (1950) Starring Richard Widmark, Paul Douglas, Barbara Bel Geddes The Hitch-Hiker Directed by Ida Lupino (1953) Starring Edmond O’Brien, Frank Lovejoy Ride the Pink Horse Directed by Robert Montgomery (1947) Starring Robert Montgomery, Thomas Gómez, Wanda Hendrix Murder, My Sweet Directed by Edward Dmytryk (1944) Starring Dick Powell, Claire Trevor, Anne Shirley Sunset Blvd. Directed by Billy Wilder (1950) Starring Gloria Swanson, William Holden Out of the Past Directed by Jacques Tourneur (1947) Starring Robert Mitchum, Jane Greer, Kirk Douglas The Killing Directed by Stanley Kubrick (1956) Starring Sterling Hayden, Elisha Cook Jr., Coleen Gray In a Lonely Place Directed by Nicholas Ray (1950) Starring Humphrey Bogart, Gloria Grahame Laura Directed by Otto Preminger (1944) Starring Gene Tierney, Dana Andrews, Vincent Price The Asphalt Jungle Directed by John Huston (1950) Starring Sterling Hayden, Sam Jaffe, Louis Calhern The Postman Always Rings Twice Directed by Tay Garnett (1946) Starring Lana Turner, John Garfield The Set-Up Directed by Robert Wise (1949) Starring Robert Ryan, Audrey Totter The Killers Directed by Robert Siodmak (1946) Starring Burt Lancaster, Ava Gardner, Edmond O’Brien